SULFONAMIDE derivatives THAT HAVE SULFUR AND AMINE GROUPS IN THEIR MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ARE APPLIED AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS. THEIR RESIDUE CAN REACH ENVIRONMENT AND MAY CAUSE TOXICITY AND SERIOUS PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS. AS THESE MEDICATIONS ARE ELECTRO-ACTIVE, THEIR BEHAVIOR AND CONCENTRATION CAN BE MONITORED BY DESIGNED ELECTRODES [1-3]. RECENTLY, CARBON PASTE ELECTRODES (CPES) ARE CONSIDERED NOTEWORTHY DUE TO THEIR VALUABLE PROPERTIES LIKE LOW COST, NON-TOXICITY, RENEWABLE SURFACE AND BEING ABLE TO BE Modified BY WIDE RANGE OF MATERIALS. ...

SUBSTANCE P (SP) IS A NEUROPEPTIDE WHICH MEDIATES ITS EFFECTS BY BINDING TO SPECIFIC SP RECEPTORS INCLUDING: THE HIGH-AFFINITY SP-BINDING RECEPTOR NEUROKININ 1 RECEPTOR (NK1R), AND LOW-AFFINITY SP-BINDING RECEPTORS NK2R AND NK3R. SP PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO ACTIVATE ASTROCYTES IN CENTRAL NEURAL …

A CARBON PASTE ELECTRODE (CPE) Modified WITH 1- (4- (1, 3-DITHIOLAN-2-YL) -6, 7-DIHYDROXY-2-METHYL-6, 7-DIHYDROBENZOFURAN-3-YL) ETHANONE AND TIO2 NANOPARTICLES WAS USED FOR THE SENSITIVE VOLTAMMETRIC DETERMINATION OF EPINEPHRINE (EP). THIS NEW CARBON PASTE ELECTRODE DUE TO ITS ENHANCED CONDUCTIVITY PRESENTED VERY LARGE CURRENT RESPONSE FROM ELECTROACTIVE SUBSTRATES.A PAIR OF WELL-DEFINED QUASI REVERSIBLE REDOX PEAKS OF BENZOFURAN DERIVATIVE WAS OBTAINED AT THE Modified CARBON PASTE ELECTRODE BY DIRECT ELECTRON TRANSFER BETWEEN THE BENZOFURAN DERIVATIVE AND THE CPE. EPINEPHRINE, 1- (3, 4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL) -2-METHYLOAMINOETHANOL), IS AN IMPORTANT HORMONE SECRETED BY THE MEDULLA OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS. MANY DISEASES ARE RELATED TO CHANGES OF THE EP CONCENTRATION IN LIVING SYSTEMS [1-2]. THEREFORE, A QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF EP CONCENTRATION IS USEFUL FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH. THE EFFECTS OF PH AND POTENTIAL SWEEP RATE ON THE MECHANISM OF THE ELECTRODE PROCESS WERE INVESTIGATED. IN THIS WORK, WE INVESTIGATED THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF EP AT CARBON PASTE ELECTRODE Modified BY (1- (4- (1, 3-DITHIOLAN-2-YL) -6, 7-DIHYDROXY-2-METHYL-6, 7-DIHYDROBENZOFURAN-3-YL) ETHANONE AND TIO2 NANOPARTICLES WITH CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY (CV), CHRONOAMPEROMETRY (CA) AND DIFFERENTIONAL PULSE VOLTAMMETRY (DPV) IN PHOSPHATE BUFFER PH=7. THE VALUES OF TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS (A)AND DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT (D) WERE CALCULATED FOR EP OXIDATION. THE Modified ELECTRODE WAS SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED FOR EP MEASUREMENTS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS (EPINEPHRINE AMPOULES).

USUALLY HOMOGENEOUS BASE CATALYSTS ARE USED FOR THIS KIND OF REACTION. HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS HAVE ALSO BEEN USED FOR THE KNOEVENAGEL REACTION THUS; THE REACTION HAS BEEN CATALYZED BY HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS BASED ON ALUMINA, SILICA, ZINC AND MAGNESIUM OXIDES, RESINS AND OTHER CATALYSTS WITH MORE OR LESS SUCCESS [13]. …

THE APPLICATION OF Modified MESOPOROUS NANOCATALYSTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS HAS GAINED MUCH ATTENTION IN RECENT YEARS AS AN ACTIVE AND HIGHLY BLOSSOMING AREA OF RESEARCH. FOR EXAMPLE, THIS TYPE OF CATALYSTS WAS APPLIED IN THE ULLMAN-TYPE COUPLING [1], CLEAN O2 OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS [2] AND HECK AND KNOVENAGEL REACTIONS [3]. …